Global's H1N1 Update - 12/31/09

The next update will be on Tuesday, January 5th, at 0830 hrs PST.

The WHO Pandemic Alert level remains at Phase 6

Influenza A (H1N1) Cases and Deaths

*Cases reported by The World Health Organization (WHO) are as of December 27th, 2009

National News

Influenza awareness on the public’s part has pushed the H1N1 pandemic from the health section of their daily papers to the front page according to a Canadian Press survey. In the poll, 70% of Canadian print and broadcast news editors chose it as their top news story of the year. South of the border, even CNN listed the outbreak as one of their top five health stories. CBC, Winnipeg Free Press

There may be a silver lining – or several – to the H1N1 pandemic. Not just in the event itself, which has been milder than feared, but also in the viral legacy it may leave. Experts say the pandemic H1N1 virus could knock out other viruses and make future vaccines more effective. H1N1 generally hits younger people harder, but children and adults respond better to flu vaccine than do seniors, whose immune systems are breaking down with age. If the burden of influenza shifts down the age spectrum, vaccines could be targeted to people who get more benefit from them. And younger people are less likely to die of flu than seniors, in whom a bout of flu can be the proverbial final straw. The toll influenza takes on the elderly could conceivably ease, at least for awhile. Toronto Star

International News

H1N1 proliferation may have peaked in Canada, the US, England and other northern hemisphere countries, but it would be “premature” to declare the pandemic over says Dr. Margaret Chan, Director General of the UN’s World Health Organization. Not only did she say that the virus must be monitored for at least another year for mutations, last month the WHO warned of new cases of H5N1, the bird flu, in poultry in Egypt, Thailand and Indonesia. CBC

China has started treating severely infected H1N1 patients with blood plasma donated by survivors. Government-run blood collection stations have been harvesting plasma from people who have high levels of swine flu-fighting antibodies in their blood, because they recently recovered from or were vaccinated against the virus. The plasma is being stored in preparation for transfusions for severely or critically ill patients. Because the approach is still being evaluated for safety and effectiveness, the World Health Organization has not recommended it. Boston Herald

Vaccine News

Pharmaceutical company MedImmune has issued a recall of some of its intranasal H1N1 vaccine over concerns that it loses potency as it sits on the shelf. The company advises that the “slight decrease in potency should not affect how the vaccine works,” but healthcare providers should return any unused doses from the recalled lots. New England Journal of Medicine

Global's H1N1 Update - 12/29/09

The next update will be on Thursday, December 31st, at 0830 hrs PST.

The WHO Pandemic Alert level remains at Phase 6

Influenza A (H1N1) Cases and Deaths

*Cases reported by The World Health Organization (WHO) are as of December 20th, 2009

National News

A Manitoban under age 18 has become the first patient with H1N1 to show resistance to antiviral drugs, provincial health officials said on Wednesday. The youth, who was only identified as living in Manitoba and having underlying health conditions, was being treated with Tamiflu. "A public health investigation continues, but it appears this is an isolated case with no evidence to date that a resistant strain of H1N1 has been transmitted to others," Manitoba Health said in a statement. The province said antiviral resistance has been previously found with other strains of seasonal flu. CBC

International News

The H1N1 flu pandemic may not be conquered until 2011, the head of the World Health Organization (WHO) said on Tuesday. "I think we must remain prudent and observe the evolution of the pandemic in the course of the next six to 12 months before crying victory,” said WHO Director-General Margaret Chan. "It is too soon to say that we have passed the peak of the (H1N1) flu pandemic on a worldwide scale... Winter is still long.” Reuters

Vaccine News

WHO Director-General Margaret Chan has called for international solidarity to provide equitable access to pandemic influenza vaccine for all countries. Final preparations are underway to distribute donated pandemic influenza vaccines to 95 low- and middle-income countries to help prevent severe disease. On Friday, the WHO reported so far six countries have completed national deployment plans, and another 190 million doses of vaccines, 75 million syringes and US$70 million have been pledged for vaccine deployment. WHO

Global's H1N1 Update - 12/24/09

The next update will be on Tuesday, December 29th, at 0830 hrs PST.

The WHO Pandemic Alert level remains at Phase 6

Influenza A (H1N1) Cases and Deaths

*Cases reported by The World Health Organization (WHO) are as of December 20th, 2009

National News

At least 11,516 people around the globe have died from the H1N1 flu virus since the pandemic emerged in April, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported Wednesday. Since its last weekly accounting, reported deaths due to influenza have increased by nearly 1,000. However, the report continued, while the virus remains geographically widespread across Canada and the United States, the overall proliferation of flu-like illnesses has declined substantially and hospitalizations and deaths were dropping. Reuters

International News

According to new research published December 23rd in the online edition of The New England Journal of Medicine, women with suspected or confirmed H1N1 influenza who are pregnant or have delivered within the last 2 weeks should seek prompt and aggressive antiviral treatment and be closely monitored. Researchers concluded that H1N1 influenza can cause severe illness and death in pregnant and postpartum women, and regardless of the results of rapid antigen testing, prompt evaluation and antiviral treatment should be considered for this group. The high, cause-specific, maternal mortality rate suggests that 2009 H1N1 influenza may increase the 2009 maternal mortality ratio. New England Journal of Medicine

Vaccine News

Calgary health officials say that H1N1 vaccine clinics will resume for another six days in the New Year. Three influenza vaccination clinics in Calgary are set to reopen beginning Monday, January 4th. The service will close again on Saturday, January 9th. At that time health officials will determine if there is enough demand to extend the clinics’ hours of operation, said Dr. Judy MacDonald, Deputy Medical Officer of Health in Calgary. Roughly 500,000 people in the Calgary region have been inoculated against the pandemic virus since the mass clinics opened in late October. Calgary Herald

Americans are worried about the safety of the swine flu vaccine and it may not be easy to convince them to get themselves or their children vaccinated, researchers said on Tuesday. According to pollsters, about 60 percent of parents say they plan to get their children vaccinated and 79 percent of adults will try to get the vaccines for themselves, but there is a hard core of resistance that has not been moved by entreaties by the U.S. government. Several studies have shown the H1N1 swine flu vaccine does not cause unusual side effects. Robert Blendon of the Harvard School of Public Health said it is not clear why so many parents are fearful. Reuters

Global's H1N1 Update - 12/22/09

The next update will be on Thursday, December 24th, at 0830 hrs PST.

The WHO Pandemic Alert level remains at Phase 6

Influenza A (H1N1) Cases and Deaths

*Cases reported by The World Health Organization (WHO) are as of December 13th, 2009

National News

The family of a Calgary H1N1 patient has come forward to say that the father of two has died due to complications related to the virus. The 35-year-old man, whom the family asked not to be identified, had been in and out of hospital with pneumonia for the past three weeks. Health authorities could not immediately confirm the death was related to H1N1. If confirmed, it would bring the number of deaths related to H1N1 to 66 across Alberta. Calgary Herald

A new poll suggests that Canadians think governments at all three levels have done an OK job of handling the H1N1 flu, though many also think the risk was exaggerated. The Canadian Press Harris-Decima survey suggests that as concern is waning among Canadians, they are generally satisfied with how their governments responded to the pandemic. Nearly three-quarters, or 73 per cent, of those who took part in the survey assessed Ottawa's performance as good or fair, and the numbers were similar at the provincial and municipal levels. Winnipeg Free Press

International News

In the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere, transmission of pandemic influenza virus remains active and geographically widespread; however disease activity has peaked or passed its peak in many places, particularly North America. Influenza activity continues to increase in later affected areas of south-eastern and central Europe, and in central and south Asia. In the tropical region of Central and South America and the Caribbean, influenza transmission remains geographically widespread but overall disease activity has been declining. WHO

The government of Switzerland plans to donate or sell some 4.5 million excess doses of the pandemic H1N1 vaccine due to the low uptake of shots. Germany and Spain have also said they want to reduce deliveries of the H1N1 vaccine and potentially return excess supplies to manufacturers, which could hit manufacturers’ profits. Switzerland, whose total population is 7.7 million, ordered 13 million doses of vaccine from GlaxoSmithKline and Novartis. Reuters

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently stated that the second wave of the H1N1 influenza pandemic continued to fade, as the number of states with widespread cases dropped to 11 and reported deaths in children also declined. The CDC also reported finding 15 more cases of oseltamivir (Tamiflu)–resistant H1N1 viruses, but it said those instances remain rare. The CDC weekly graph shows a sizable drop in flu-related hospitalizations and deaths last week compared with the week before and a mostly steady decline in both over the past 6 weeks. CIDRAP

Vaccine News

Australian vaccine maker CSL Ltd has announced that its pandemic H1N1 vaccine delivered a strong immune response after just one dose in children as young as 6 months. Global health authorities recommend children get two H1N1 shots for full protection, but the CSL vaccine showed strong response with just one shot. No serious safety concerns were reported with the vaccine. Reuters

Demand for swine flu vaccines below original forecasts is threatening to slow the growth in predicted revenues for four of Europe's leading pharmaceuticals companies. Academic studies in recent weeks have shown that most people require a single dose of vaccine to acquire protection, compared with the two doses originally believed necessary and used in orders by governments including the UK. Separately, public suspicion of the perceived risks of vaccines at a time when the impact of swine flu is far less than previously feared is also discouraging the use of those vaccines already delivered. Financial Times

Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, and Mongolia will be the first three countries to receive donated supplies of pandemic H1N1 vaccine funnelled through the World Health Organization. The WHO aims to vaccinate health care workers initially and other priority groups later in 95 developing countries, with the hope of covering about 10% of the population, or roughly 200 million people. At a news briefing, Dr. Keiji Fukuda, special assistant to the WHO director-general for pandemic flu, said six manufacturers and 12 countries have pledged about 180 million doses of vaccine, and the agency is negotiating with other countries about potential donations. CIDRAP

The next update will be on Tuesday, December 22nd, at 0830 hrs PST.
The WHO Pandemic Alert level remains at Phase 6

Influenza A (H1N1) Cases and Deaths

*Cases reported by The World Health Organization (WHO) are as of December 6th, 2009

National News

Canadian scientists have helped make a discovery that might explain why some people develop severe illness when infected with H1N1 flu and others don't. Researchers from Toronto's University Health Network found high levels of a cytokine molecule called interleukin 17 in the blood of severely ill H1N1 patients, and low levels in patients with mild forms of the disease. In the cases of respiratory infections, cytokines plays a part in a potentially fatal immune reaction called a "cytokine storm," in which the immune system of a healthy person goes haywire and "overreacts" to an infection. CTV

H1N1 has taken the ten more lives in Ontario and eight more in other provinces to boost Canada’s fatalities total from the pandemic virus to 390. In Alberta, an infant with no previous medical history was among two reported dead. Also, a 16-year-old grade-11 Calgary student died on Tuesday after being in a coma since Nov. 2. The additional ten deaths in Ontario comes as a surprise because the province has reported a decline in all other indicators including hospital admissions and visits to doctors for influenza like illness. The 18 new deaths occurred between December 10 and December 15. Vancouverite

International News

China’s H1N1 flu death toll has leapt by more than a third in recent days to 442, just days after the government warned of a holiday-season spike in infections. Of the total deaths, 116 were reported in the week of December 7 to 13. The total number of A(H1N1) influenza cases totalled nearly 108,000. China has pledged to step up a H1N1 flu vaccination programme that has seen more than 34 million people jabbed, warning of heightened risks in the upcoming holiday season, particularly the Lunar New Year in February. Straits Times

In a bid to stop the spread of swine flu virus, Serbia’s Ministry of Education has announced it will suspend classes in schools. Tanjug news agency reports that the country's Minister of Education, Zarko Obradovic, explained that the first day of school will be on 11 January and the first semester will end ten days later, so that the teachers will be able to give final grades for that semester. "According to the information we have received from the working group monitoring the flu, the situation in Serbia is such that it is necessary to suspend school," the agency quoted Obradovic as saying. Balkan Insight

According to researchers from the Netherlands and Germany writing in the Public Library of Science (PLoS) Medicine, a lack of surveillance has led to the perception that Africa has a low prevalence of influenza, but sporadic reports show that flu circulates there undetected. The authors say improved surveillance and research into vaccine efficacy in rural tropical conditions are critical to reducing illness and death from endemic and pandemic flu in African countries. PLoS

The Korean government recently confirmed that pigs have contracted influenza A (H1N1), the first cases of an H1N1 infection among animals in Korea. Authorities said the virus is not as threatening to the animals as to humans and that there is little need to be anxious about cross-infections or a new pandemic. It was decided not to conduct wholesale slaughter of the swine and the government said there is little chance of acquiring the disease by eating pork from infected pigs. Korea Times

Vaccine News

The U.S. has recalled hundreds of thousands of doses of H1N1 swine-flu vaccine intended for young children, saying that testing has found that vaccine may not be potent enough to protect children from the pandemic flu. Canada's vaccine comes from a different manufacturer, a Quebec factory run by GlaxoSmithKline, and is not affected by the recall. The CDC said there's no indication anything in the doses of vaccine is dangerous in itself and described the recall as "non-safety-related." Ottawa Citizen

According to a report published by the New England Journal of Medicine, Novartis's pandemic H1N1 flu vaccine generated stronger immune responses when it was combined with an adjuvant than when used alone, though both formulations yielded good results. The authors published a preliminary report in September showing that the vaccine formulation containing Novartis's proprietary adjuvant, MF59, generated an immune response deemed likely to be protective. The final report, released today, says the nonadjuvanted formulation also elicited a good immune response albeit less intense than the adjuvanted version. CIDRAP

Two of the Calgary’s six H1N1 mass vaccination clinics will close permanently on Wednesday. However, there will still be four other clinics offering both the H1N1 and seasonal influenza vaccine to Calgarians. All Albertans over six months of age are eligible to receive the H1N1 vaccine, and anyone in a high-risk category is also eligible to receive the seasonal influenza vaccine. Edmonton Journal

U.S. government and private health officials have stated that despite a dip in cases, H1N1 influenza has not gone away and could resurge, making continued vaccination critical. Speaking on a webcast for health care providers conducted by the Department of Heath and Human Services (HHS), experts urged health care workers to take the vaccine themselves and to continue to push it out to patients. Federal officials remain concerned that some high-risk populations have not been vaccinated at high-enough rates, including racial and ethnic minorities, pregnant women and young children. CIDRAP

Global's H1N1 Update - 12/15/09

The next update will be on Thursday, December 17th, at 0830 hrs PST.

The WHO Pandemic Alert level remains at Phase 6

Influenza A (H1N1) Cases and Deaths

*Cases reported by The World Health Organization (WHO) are as of December 6th, 2009

National News

The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) says H1N1 activity in Canada continues to subside, dipping for the third straight week. The agency's weekly update, FluWatch, says widespread activity is limited to two small pockets of the country, in central Saskatchewan and along the south and east coasts of Newfoundland. There were 307 people admitted to hospital with H1N1 flu, 83 admitted to ICUs and 33 who died across the country, in the last two weeks. Canadian Press

Comparing transmission of H1N1 during the current winter season to transmission during the summer season, there appears to be 2-3 times more hospitalized cases and deaths in the United States and approximately 4-5 times more hospitalized cases and deaths in Canada during the winter season. This would indicate that transmission of the virus has been much more widespread and intense during the winter, as predicted, but overall rates of severe illness have not changed compared to southern hemisphere. WHO

Similar to seasonal influenza, persons with certain underlying conditions (compared to those without) were at significantly increased risk of hospitalization and death associated with the H1N1 virus infection. During the current winter season in Canada, 52% of hospitalized cases, 60% of cases requiring intensive care, and 67% of fatal cases, had an underlying chronic medical illness. The most common underlying conditions among fatal cases in Canada were asthma followed by cardiac disease, immunosuppression, and diabetes. WHO

International News

With the exception of France where flu activity continues to increase, flu activity has peaked in much of Western Europe. Increasing activity continues to be observed in central and southeastern Europe, including in Albania, Estonia and Greece. In Western and Central Asia, influenza virus transmission remains active but may have peaked in Afghanistan, Israel, and Oman. In East Asia, influenza activity continues to increase in Japan and has recently begun to increase in Hong Kong. In South Asia, influenza activity has begun to increase in the north-western parts of India and in Sri Lanka. In Central and South America and the Caribbean, overall disease activity has been declining. WHO


U.S. federal health officials have reported that almost 10,000 people had died of H1N1 since April, a significant jump from mortality numbers released last month. Officials also said that 50 million Americans (one sixth of the country), had caught the disease and that 213,000 people had been sick enough to be hospitalized. Dr. Thomas R. Frieden, director of the C.D.C., said about 85 million doses of H1N1 flu vaccine are still available. Some states have so much that they are asking that everyone over six months old get vaccinated, not just high-risk individuals. New York Times

North Korea agreed on December 10th to accept medicine from South Korea to fight an outbreak of H1N1 flu in a development that could improve relations between the nations after a deadly maritime clash. Winnipeg Free Press

South Korea confirmed that pigs infected with H1N1 have been found at domestic farms. Infections were confirmed at five pig farms in Gyeonggi and North Gyeongsang provinces. The ministry has also found infections of the (A) H1N1 virus among pigs imported on November 11 from Canada. Ministry officials, however, say pork is safe to eat as people cannot get flu from eating pork or pork products. A total of 117 people with the virus have died in South Korea. The Straits Times

Respective insurance companies in Malaysia will compensate the next-of-kin of life insurance policy holders who die of the H1N1 virus. Malaysian Deputy Finance Minister Awang Adek Hussein confirmed that insurance companies would not differentiate death due to the H1N1 virus from other causes. Earlier, there were concerns in the country about whether the death resulted by the H1N1 virus would be compensated by insurance companies. China View

China's Health Ministry warned that the H1N1 flu outbreak in the country could peak over the next several months, especially as hundreds of millions of people return home for the traditional Chinese New Year. More than 100,000 people in China have been infected with H1N1 flu, with 326 fatalities as of December 10th. China's peak flu season could last until March. Since September, China has vaccinated more than 30 million people. An average of 1 million people are vaccinated every day, and the ministry aims to increase that to 1.5 million before the Lunar New Year. CTV


Vaccine News

New Brunswick's Department of Health is urging young men to get the H1N1 vaccine as officials are noticing men in their 20s are avoiding getting the H1N1 flu shot. Dr. Paul Van Buynder, deputy chief medical officer of health, said the public H1N1 vaccination clinics are wrapping up this week and the department is concerned young men are avoiding their shots. New Brunswick expects to give its 500,000th H1N1 vaccination shot sometime this week, and that means about two-thirds of the province's population will have been inoculated. CBC

December 12th and 13th was the last chance to get a H1N1 flu shot at a public clinic in Toronto before the holidays. To date, more than 200,000 people in Toronto have received the shot at the clinics. Toronto Public Health has distributed more than one million doses of the vaccine to various health-care providers ranging from family doctors to private clinics. CTV

Vancouver Coastal Health spokesman Gavin Wilson said only 36% of health care staff had received the vaccine. That's compared to 46% of the general population in the Vancouver Coastal Health district. The Vancouver Island Health Authority has recorded even fewer vaccinations. About 31% of employees are known to have been immunized, fewer than the estimated 35% of the population. Dr. Bill Cavers, a Victoria general practitioner who has criticized the immunization campaign, especially its failure to utilize family doctors, said the low uptake of health care workers is likely due to poor organization. B.C. H1N1 flu clinics will cease offering the vaccine December 18th. Kelowna.Com

The U.S. Army plans to inoculate some 40,000 new recruits with the H1N1 flu vaccine before the Christmas holiday leave. Mass inoculations will be conducted in the next two weeks in army bases across the nation before the recruits go home to spend the holiday. The Pentagon is gearing up to prepare enough supply of the H1N1flu vaccine for the roughly 2.7-million-strong U.S. military. China View

Antiviral News

The World Health Organization endorsed findings published in the British Medical Journal that there is no clear evidence the antiviral Tamiflu prevents complications such as pneumonia in otherwise healthy people with seasonal flu. But the WHO continues to recommend that Tamiflu, made by Swiss drugmaker Roche be used immediately in people infected with the separate H1N1 virus who are at high risk of complications or whose symptoms persist for three days or worsen. Governments around the world have stockpiled Tamiflu, known generically as oseltamivir, to fight the flu pandemic. Reuters

Global's H1N1 Update - 12/10/09

The next update will be on Tuesday, December 15th, at 0830 hrs PST.
The WHO Pandemic Alert level remains at Phase 6

Influenza A (H1N1) Cases and Deaths*Cases reported by The World Health Organization (WHO) are as of November 29th 2009

National News

The latest figures from the Public Health Agency of Canada show six new deaths reported in the six-day period that ended on December 9th, occurring in British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec, and Newfoundland. By comparison, the agency had reported 28 deaths in the previous period. The national total of laboratory confirmed H1N1 deaths is now 363. Canadian Press

Fatal cases of H1N1 flu result from a devastating form of lung damage virtually identical to the pulmonary devastation caused in the 1918 and 1957 global flu outbreaks. Autopsy studies revealed a consistent pattern of deeply penetrating damage throughout the lungs' lower airways. Dr. Jeffrey Taubenberger, a pioneering flu scientist at NIAID in Maryland, adds that the autopsy cases also revealed evidence of secondary bacterial infections, mostly pneumococcal pneumonia, and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. Kelowna.com

For a few weeks this spring, the world's attention was focused on a cluster of remote First Nations communities in northern Manitoba. As critically ill residents were airlifted daily to hospital, the reserves appeared to be at the Canadian epicentre of the H1N1 flu outbreak. The WHO has pointed to Canada as an example of how the virus took a harsher toll on people facing poverty. Aboriginal leaders are saying the outbreak should be a wake-up call to people about the squalid living conditions, lack of accessible health care, and poor education on Canadian reserves. Canadian Press

International News

H1N1 flu has struck isolated North Korea, although it was unclear whether there were any fatalities from the virus that has been circling the globe for months. North Korea made its first acknowledgment of an H1N1 outbreak with a short dispatch in state media citing nine confirmed cases in northwestern Sinuiju on the Chinese border and in Pyongyang, the capital. Winnipeg Free Press


The Chinese mainland reported 125 deaths from the A/H1N1 influenza in the week from November 30th to December 6th, nearly 65 percent of the number of deaths for the whole of November. About 13.7% of all the 326 deaths reported so far were pregnant women. Cao Zhixin, a doctor at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, said the high percentage was because pregnant women were generally unwilling to take medicines or X-ray checks. China View

The number of deaths in mainland France from the H1N1 flu virus jumped in the last week. The toll rose to 68 deaths as of November 22, with 22 new deaths last week. Six of the 68 victims had no underlying health problems. 750,000 people have already been vaccinated but many vaccination centres are now facing long waiting lines. Reuters

Vaccine News

Millions of dollars worth of H1N1 vaccine could go unused in B.C. because demand for the flu shot has declined. The province ordered four million doses of the vaccine from the manufacturer at a cost of $32 million. There was a strong demand when the vaccine first arrived in B.C. in late October. Now, however, with slightly more than half of the doses distributed to clinics, but not all used, there is a real possibility of excess supply as demand drops. 40% of the population and 45% of health workers have been vaccinated. Vancouver Sun

B.C.'s H1N1 vaccine clinics will close on December 18th. Medical Health Officer Dr. Perry Kendall said that people should take advantage of the clinics until then to get immunized against the H1N1 flu. Winnipeg Free Press

According to Alberta Health Services, Calgary’s H1N1 immunization clinics continue to remain steady, with no plans yet to shut them down or cut hours. When at the peak, Calgary clinics were doling out 18,000 to 20,000 H1N1 shots a day, but that number has since dropped to about 5,000 to 6,000. Metro News

When the H1N1 flu vaccine was most scarce, health officials gave thousands of doses to corporate clinics at Walt Disney World, Toyota, defense contractors, oil companies, and cruise lines. There was public outcry last month over Wall Street firms such as Goldman Sachs receiving doses while doctors and hospitals encountered shortages. The data show other companies got the vaccine in October and early November. In some cases, early doses went to people not deemed most at risk by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. According to Anne Schuchat, the CDC's immunization director, each state health department must decide how to provide the vaccine to people most at risk, and employers are a legitimate venue. USA TODAY

Flu vaccine shortages in developing nations may destabilize global security should the H1N1 virus become more deadly. According to David Heymann, a former deputy head of the World Health Organization, inequitable access to immunization could inflame international tensions since there aren’t adequate measures in place to ensure less developed countries have access to vaccines. About 200 million doses of H1N1 flu vaccine have been donated to WHO for distribution and the WHO will start immunizing health care workers in developing nations this month. Bloomberg

Fewer Europeans are getting pandemic flu vaccine than typically get seasonal flu shots, as safety concerns and lower-than-expected death rates have damped demand. The U.K., Ireland, Italy, Germany, and France have vaccinated less than 10% of their populations, compared with 20% in Europe in a typical flu season. Public concerns that the vaccines made by GSK, Novartis, and Baxter may cause serious side effects have kept some Europeans on the sidelines since governments began vaccinating residents for free in October. Bloomberg

Germany plans to sell more than two million H1N1 vaccinations abroad due to weak domestic demand. Only about 5% of the public has been vaccinated, according to Health Minister Philip Roesler. He said he was checking with other countries to see if they needed any of the medicines and that Ukraine had already signaled interest. Reuters